Qs on Forests Essay Example for Free

Qs on Forests EssayHe suggestedthat a proper system should be introducedto harbor the tone. He helped in formulating the Indian Forest movement of 1865. (Q. )Who was Dietrich Brandis? (1 Mark) (Ans) Brandis was a German who gave advice to the British regarding thereckless cutting of trees by the local sight and the traders. He feared that it would destroythe lumber. Brandis was also madethe beginning(a) Inspector General of Forests inIndia. (Q. ) What was the idea of plantation in compound period? (1 Mark) (Ans) The Colonial G everyplacenment took over the forests and gave away those to European planters at punk rates. They had cut down the forest for land to start the plantation. This was another way for deforestation. Large areas of forests were cleared to make way for the plantation of tea, coffee and rubber to couple the growing demands of these commodities in European countries (Q. )Can you relate the progress of railways with the idea of deforestation in colonial pe riod? Explain. (1 Mark) (Ans) 1) Railways were essential forcolonial trade and for the movement of imperial troops. As the railway tracks expanded, a larger number of trees were felled to meet up the growing demand of timber and fuel woods. ) The presidency gave out contracts to individuals to supply the required measure of timber. These contractors started random cutting of trees and this led to immediate disappearance of forests around the railway tracks. (Q. )What is meant by the term deforestation? (1 Mark) (Ans) Cutting down of trees in huge numberof forest area to fulfill the demand of developing civilizations is known as deforestation. In other words, cutting and destroying of forest resourcesis deforestation. During the period of colonialism,deforestation took a systematic approachfor the purpose ofindustrial development. Q. ) acknowledgment the changes seen in the features of forest resources duringindustrialisation. (1 Mark) (Ans) The period of industrialisation, i. e. , the old age from 1700 to 1995, witnessed a drastic reduction in the earlier huge diversity of forest resources all over the world. well-nigh 13. 9 sq. km of forest lands, i. e. 9. 3% of the worlds forest area, was clearedfor the needs of industrialisation, cultivation, pastures and fuelwoods. (Q. )How did the Forest Act affect the lives of the common Indians? (1 Mark) (Ans) The Forest Act brought severe hardships for villagers across the country.After the Act, their everyday practices cutting wood, grazing of cattle, collection of fruits and roots, hunting and fishing were treated as illegal activities. People were forced to slide wood from the forests and when caught, were at the mercy of the forest guards. (Q. ) What are the recent developments in forestry? (3 Marks) (Ans) 1) The concept of forestmanagement has changed since 1980. It was observed by the government that implementation of exact forest laws was leading to stealing of timbers and illegal hunting. ) Forest dweller s were kept away from the implementation procedure of these laws andtherefore, it generated conflict between the two parties the government and the villagers. 3) Indian adivasis sustain the forest land and resources and therefore, the government is involving local people in the matters like safetyand security of forest land, forest products and wild animals. (Q. ) Elaboratesome of the activities of the people of Bastar. (3 Marks) (Ans) 1) The people of Bastar believe deeply in the village and its offerings. Since the village peopleknow the boundaries of the village, they look after the natural resources. ) If people from a village want to take some wood from the forests of another village, they pay a weensy fee calleddevsari,dandormanin exchange. Some villages also protect their forests by engaging watchmen and each plate contributes some grain to pay them. 3) Every year, there is one big hunt where the headmen of villages in apargana(cluster of villages) meet and discuss issues of concern, including forests. (Q. ) Who was Samin? What was his challenge to the Dutch? (3 Marks) (Ans) Surontiko Samin was a resident of RandublatungvillageofJava. 1) In 1890, hebegan questioning the state ownership of forest.He argued that the forest and its resources were the gifts of nature. Thus, the state could not have any right over it. 2) A widespread movement developed and by 1907, 3,000 families were following his ideas. They challenged the Dutch authority byrefusing to pay taxes and by lying down on their forest lands when the Dutch came to survey it. Others refused to pat taxes or fines or perform labour. (Q. ) What are the similarities between colonial management of forests in Bastar and in Java? (3 Marks) (Ans) 1) In both Bastar (India) andJava (Indonesia), the colonial management of forests led to rebellions. ) In Bastar, the forest management was in the hands of the British and in Java, it wasunder the Dutches. 3) Both the governments wanted timber for their needs and worked for their own monopoly. When the forest communities in both the regions had to leave their land, rebellions occurred, which were subsequentlycrushed. Q. ) How did the forestrules affect cultivation? (3 Marks) (Ans) 1) European foresters regarded the practice of shifting cultivationharmful for the forests. They felt that theland which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber.When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger offlames spreading and burning valuable timber. 2) Shifting cultivation also made it harder for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore, the government decided to ban shifting cultivation. 3) Many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions. Q. )How can you say that the spread of railways brought deforestation during the Colonial Period? (3 Marks) (Ans) 1) In 1850s, the spread of railways created a new demand.